Abstract
Chiral superconductors are unconventional superconducting states that break time reversal symmetry spontaneously and typically feature Cooper pairing at non-zero angular momentum. Such states may host Majorana fermions and provide an important platform for topological physics research and fault-tolerant quantum computing1–7. Despite intensive search and prolonged studies of several candidate systems8–26, chiral superconductivity has remained elusive so far. Here we report the discovery of robust unconventional superconductivity in rhombohedral tetra- and penta-layer graphene without moiré superlattice effects. We observed two superconducting states in the gate-induced flat conduction bands with Tc up to 300 mK and charge density ne down to 2.4*1011 cm-2 in five devices. Spontaneous time-reversal-symmetry-breaking due to electron’s orbital motion is found, and several observations indicate the chiral nature of these superconducting states, including: 1. In the superconducting state, Rxx shows magnetic hysteresis in varying out-of-plane magnetic field B⊥—absent from all other superconductors; 2. the superconducting states are robust against in-plane magnetic field and are developed within a spin- and valley-polarized quarter-metal phase; 3. the normal states show anomalous Hall signals at zero magnetic field and magnetic hysteresis. We also observed a critical B⊥ of 1.4 Tesla, higher than any graphene superconductivity and indicates a strong-coupling superconductivity close to the BCS-BEC crossover27. Our observations establish a pure carbon material for the study of topological superconductivity, with the promise to explore Majorana modes and topological quantum computing.
Buy or subscribe
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 /30days
cancel any time
Learn more
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Learn more
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Learn more
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
Superconductivity in rhombohedral trilayer graphene
Article 01 September 2021
Superconductivity and quantized anomalous Hall effect in rhombohedral graphene
Article 05 March 2025
Impact of spin–orbit coupling on superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene
Article 19 March 2025
Author information
Author notes
These authors contributed equally: Tonghang Han, Zhengguang Lu, Zach Hadjri
Authors and Affiliations
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Tonghang Han,Zhengguang Lu,Zach Hadjri,Lihan Shi,Zhenghan Wu,Wei Xu,Yuxuan Yao,Jixiang Yang,Junseok Seo,Shenyong Ye,Muyang Zhou,Liang Fu&Long Ju
Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Zhengguang Lu,Haoyang Liu,Gang Shi,Zhenqi Hua&Peng Xiong
Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Armel A. Cotten,Omid Sharifi Sedeh,Henok Weldeyesus&Dominik M. Zumbühl
Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
Kenji Watanabe
Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
Takashi Taniguchi
Authors
- Tonghang Han
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zhengguang Lu
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zach Hadjri
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lihan Shi
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zhenghan Wu
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wei Xu
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Yuxuan Yao
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Armel A. Cotten
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Omid Sharifi Sedeh
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Henok Weldeyesus
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Jixiang Yang
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Junseok Seo
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Shenyong Ye
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Muyang Zhou
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Haoyang Liu
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gang Shi
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zhenqi Hua
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kenji Watanabe
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Takashi Taniguchi
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Peng Xiong
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Dominik M. Zumbühl
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Liang Fu
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Long Ju
View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMedGoogle Scholar
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Long Ju.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Han, T., Lu, Z., Hadjri, Z. et al. Signatures of chiral superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene. Nature (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09169-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09169-7
